您需要了解的有关不同类型的木材的一切 - beplay体育网站下载,beplay苹果版app

经过Stefan Gheorghe| Published onMay 2, 2022 Reviewed byVera Dordick

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Different Types of Wood

Hardwood

软木

What is Pressure-Treated Lumber

Hardwood vs soft wood

Different Types Of Hardwood Trees

Douglas fir

Cedar tree

Pine tree forest

Red wood tree

Birch tree wood

Ash tree

Maple tree

Mahogany tree

杨树

Cherry trees generate a wood variety

Black walnut tree

Green oak forest

Teak outdoor table

Bamboo wood

Types of Engineered Woods

您需要了解的有关不同类型的木材的一切

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Types of wood are wide-ranging and choosing the onecan cause an entire project to go south. You won’t be surprised to find out that there aremany wood types out there.Some of them are good for making furniture, others for flooring, while still others are flexible enough that you can use them to make musical instruments.

Each type of wood has its pros and cons and specific qualities that make it good for certain uses. Regardless of what you will be building or need to understand about existing wood varieties, this article is bound to teach you something new about popular wood types.

Wood Types: Hardwoods or Softwoods?

What Is Hardwood?

A hardwood tree hasbroad leaves and not needle-shaped ones。They yield nuts or fruits, and in the winter, they often fall dormant.

美国的森林有数百个不同的硬币s of this type. In fact, these trees account for over 40% of all the ones in the United States. Oak, maple, and cherry wood are a few well-known species of this type, but there are a lot more varieties.

Angiosperm trees are the main class of hardwood. They produce flowers, have broad leaves and when mature, the ovule surrounds their seed. A good example of this is the apple on an apple tree.

The types that grow in tropical regions may shed their leaves in response to seasonal drought. Also, tropical types usually don’t have annual growth rings. Unlike softwood, these types of wood have a complex structure and grain. This means that they often are slow-growing and require a lot of space to develop.

These are typically harder than softwoods, though there are some exceptions. In both cases, the wood can vary in its actualhardness。For instance, some types are a softer kind that is even softer than most softwoods.

What Is Softwood?

Softwood comes from gymnosperm trees. Spruce and pine are two common examples. Gymnosperms are plants that carry seeds in cones rather than flowers. These types of trees reproduce mostly through cones and, on rare occasions, nuts.

软木树have needle-like leaves that mostly stay in place throughout the year。As a result, these are sometimes called evergreens.

A common misconception is that these are always softer compared to hard types, which isn’t always the case. In short, the words softwood and hardwood are outdated, have ambiguous meanings, and frequently misrepresent the qualities of particular wood types.

Softwoods are commonly used in the building sector, as well as in the production of card and paper-based products.

Because certain insects favor moist hardwood, certain softwood species have a higher resistance to insect attacks. Those that burn quickly and break are less dense and aren’t the top choice for wood types when it comes to choosing firewood.

Related:Types Of Wood Joints And Their Unique Purposes

What Is Pressure-Treated Lumber?

Pressure-treated lumberis produced using water-borne chemicals and pressure power to impregnate the boards. These chemicals extend the life of the wood and make it more resistant to decay and insects.

Douglas fir and Southern yellow pine are the most common wood types used for this type of lumber. Both are among the best types for building and are excellent alternatives for the construction industry because they are highly pest-resistant and rot-resistant.

Furthermore, if excellent pressure-treated lumber is used in a construction project where sealer is applied on a regular basis, it can survive for up to 40 years.

Pressure-treated wood boards tends to be quite heavy, as it frequently arrives on store shelves fully treated.

Hardwood vs. Softwood

In short, hardwoods and softwoods arecharacterized by their means of reproduction, and not so much by their final form or characteristics like the grain.

Hardwoods come from deciduous trees that lose their leaves every year. Hardwood trees grow more slowly, which is why they result in wood that is denser.

On the other hand, conifer trees produce softwood, and they are usually evergreen.

Different Types of Wood Trees

We all know that wood has many uses and applications. Uses range from heating the house and starting fires and cooking food to building furniture and houses from scratch.

Wood Qualities

Naturally, different wood types have different characteristics. Each of those qualities makes some types of wood more suitable for certain applications and while others are better for different uses.

考虑到这一点，让我们看一下您必然会遇到的最常见的木材类型。无论您是购买新的厨柜还是对哪种木材最适合壁炉，您都会发现这些类型。

#1: Fir

Firis sometimesknown as Douglas fir.This type of wood is a robust and durable softwood that comes from the species of the same name. If left to their own ways in the forest,Douglas fir treesare extremely tall and imposing, capable of reaching heights of up to 300 feet.

This type of wood is highly insect and rot-resistant, but not to the same extent as cedar wood.

The grain of Douglas fir is quite visible, and it runs straight. Its reddish hue makes it easy to identify. Most important, it isn’t very keen on taking up dyes very well.

Douglas fir is also considerably less expensive compared to other types of wood.

All of these qualities make it an ideal choice for building material. However, you can also use it for decking and other woodworking projects.

As some of you may already know, most homes in North America have Douglas fir wood for ceilings and walls, while others use it as flooring. It’s sturdy and long-lasting, and it’s easy to cut when using construction saw blades.

#2: Cedar

Cedaris a fragrant softwood这是因为它的美丽和长寿而珍视的。值得一提的是对昆虫和腐烂的良好抵抗力。雪松木来自一系列针叶树，其中最普遍的是红色和白色。白雪松比红色雪松苍白，天气呈银灰色。雪松木的红色版本具有类似琥珀色的外观，并会在暴露于元素时将其变成丰富的深棕色/深红色。

Cedar is resilient and lightweight, and you’ll find it in a variety of indoor projects but also for exterior use, regardless of the variation.

The wood grain of the red variety is straighter, whereas white wood can absorb paint more evenly. Due to the aforementioned characteristics, it works really well for applications such as building material for chests or dressers, but also for making decks and fences as well as outdoor furniture.

One thing that you’ll see quite often is a competition between cedar vs pine to determine which one type is the best material. In fact, some people claim that they are, in fact, the same type of wood.

These two are not identical trees, but they are part of the same species: Pinaceae. They are both members of the pine family, but cedar wood has a distinct aromatic oil. This explains why builders value cedar material for its rot-resistance and insect-repellent properties.

Unlike pine, you can use cedar as decking without having to stain or varnish it. It will turn a nice grey in certain circumstances. Thanks to its ability to repel fungi, you can leave cedar outside for several decades. It is also less prone to mold.

＃3：松

Pine is a softwoodthat is quite simple to work with. It comes from a variety of trees that are foundthroughout the US。Some of the most common varieties include ponderosa, white, and sugar. Southern yellow pine is also very widespread among all the wood types.

Unlike other types of wood, pine typically is easier to deal with. However, it’s not as resistant to rot and insects as the other wood types discussed so far, so its best for indoor uses.

Pine wood has a light color or yellow appearance, with the specific look varying from one species to another. It may also contain knots, with knotty parts labeled as “knotty pine” and knot-free sections promoted as “clear pine.” Overall, these wood types have a rough appearance that takes stain or paint well.

可以从家庭改善商店购买低级松木。beplay平台没信用这种类型的质量较低，因为它容易翘曲和拔罐。由于这种木材富含水分，木材干燥时便会弯曲和扭曲。

就应用而言，您可以使用松木制作精美的质朴家具。同样，只要经过压力处理，它就适用于装饰。松木还适用于搁板，墙板和某些木工项目。

＃4：红木

Redwood is more commonly known as sequoia. This is one of the tallest trees on the planet, capable of reaching heights ofup to 400 feet。

Redwood is a soft, pliable woodthat is also lighter. It might be a delicate white color or yellow, deep crimson, or reddish-brown color. The wood grain is normally straight, with old-growth redwood being quite tight.

这些木材类型有一个粗糙的纹理和抵制rot and insect damage very well, making them an excellent choice for outdoor projects.

红木木材框架是一种常见的选择,沼泽ces, decks, outside furniture, huge beams, and veneer in parts of the United States. If it is pressure-treated, you can use it for projects that have ground contact.

#5: Birch

Birchis widely used and is an economical hardwood。桦木在美国东部，特别是在东北地区生长。

These trees can grow up to 70 feet tall, but their trunks are slender. While there are a lot of birch types, several varieties, specifically black, white, and yellow birch, are the most popular.

Birch is a widely used and reasonably priced hardwood.

Birch has a homogeneous look due to its smooth grained wood. Its color ranges from white to yellow, while the variety known as black birch has characteristic black streaks running through it.

The wood is hefty, thick, and sturdy, but it responds nicely to sharp tool woodworking. As it dries, it shrinks a considerable amount. Birch wood is good for flooring applications but also works well for making toys.

#6: Ash

Ash is atype of lumberderived from a number of trees, with the most common varieties of these wood types being blue, white, green, and black ash.

灰将长到60英尺高，宽达80英尺if given enough space.

这种类型的木材具有明亮的色调，范围从白色到金色，灰色贯穿整个条纹。尽管颜色靠近枫木，但灰木的质地类似于橡木木，但表面较粗糙。

灰木非常坚硬，但与其刚度和耐用性相比，它很轻。这些木材类型甚至在阻力性方面都优于其他硬类型。

＃7：枫树

枫树可以达到115英尺的高度，并具有同样大的檐篷。来自艰难的木头maple is very solid and durable，具有浅色的外观，范围从白色到黄色，再到丰富的金色色调。

In fact, sugar maple is one of the most valuable wood types in the northeastern United States.

This type of wood has a straight and tight grain, with light brown bands. Curly maple wood, which has intriguing wavy wood grain patterns, is also available. Both grain varieties of wood types offer a smooth, delicate texture that has a beautiful finish.

由于枫木相对易于使用，因此您可以将其变成从棒球蝙蝠到纸的任何东西。制造商喜欢将其用于一系列项目，从家具和地板到室内装饰和贴面。它是如此的耐磨和耐用，以至于它是制造保龄球道的最佳木材之一。

#8: Mahogany

Mahogany is a premium woodthat grows in West Africa, as well as Central America and South America. These trees can be very tall, reaching heights of over 150 feet.

Mahogany is the best wood when it comes to hard wood types for opulent projects and finishes. The wood is a deep crimson or brown-red color and has spectacular natural beauty.

Mahogany is exceptionally sturdy and heavy wood, with a very smooth grain and fine texture. It’s also got a dense structure, making it resistant to rot and insects.

桃花心木类型的最佳品质之一是稳定性。他们往往不会在扭曲，肿胀和收缩方面遇到问题。

自然，精美的家具制造商使用桃花心木木质。最常见的应用是高端定制的厨柜以及家具，但这也是造船的热门选择，因为它是耐磨的。

#9: Poplar

Poplar woodcomes from a variety of poplar trees, some of which cangrow to 160 feet tall。These grow throughout the eastern United States.

这种木材在中间很受欢迎DIYers and hobbyist woodworkersdue to its versatility. Poplar is a light-colored wood that ranges from cream to yellowish-brown in color.

杨树的共同特征是绿色或灰色条纹，随着时间的流逝而变暗。杨树谷物是笔直的，其品质使其与使用手或电动工具的使用兼容。

However, because it tends to leave fuzzy edges, you are going to have to use extremely fine grain sandpaper for a smooth finish. It’s not a particularly attractive wood, but it paints extremely well, so you can use it for furniture.

#10: Cherry

Cherrywood is always in high demand。樱桃木从奶油白色到红棕色的颜色。当樱桃木达到成熟时，木材变得越来越深和干燥。

This wood type has a very straight and tight grain that gives it a consistent appearance and fine texture.

Cherry has one of the smoothest finishes possible when stained and finished, which gives it a quality appearance.

With all of these great qualities, it is no surprise that makers use the cherry wood variety for high-quality furniture, but also flooring, instruments, carvings, and more.

＃11：核桃

Walnut lumberis aprominent woodthat is derived from the black walnut tree, found throughout theeastern United States。These can reach a height of 120 feet and they produce a rich, chocolatey wood that woodworkers seek out for their projects.

Walnut hardwoods have a straight grain, although it’s almost as likely to have waves and imperfections.

When you touch walnut wood, you will notice that it has a medium-smooth texture. The color of the wood ranges from light brown to medium brown as well as dark brown. This type of wood is used for furniture.

Walnut is particularly resistant to decay, but has poor resistance to insects. It’s dimensionally stable, with very little shrinkage and warping as it cures.

＃12：橡树

Oaks can reach heights of 85 feet and produce a cornucopia of acorns every fall.

有两种流行的橡木类型：红橡木和白橡木。Both are dense and robust, having a harsh, straight-grained texture. White oak wood has a lighter color, while the red variety has a redder tone.

即使橡木总体上都是坚硬的木材品种，也很灵活。这使其成为制作威士忌或葡萄酒桶的绝佳选择。从橱柜到家具生产，这种类型的木材也进入了许多不同的产品。

#13: Teak

Teak is one of the木工工业的最高替代品when it comes to combining durability and good looks.

Teak is a coarse, unevenly textured wood that has a straight grain. Natural oils in the wood make it resistant to rot and insects. These are qualities that make teak a high-end choice for outdoor furniture manufacturing.

Despite the oils, teak is a simple wood to work with, bonding and finishing beautifully. There are plenty of similar traits between mahogany and teak, although teak is undeniably dark brown, whereas mahogany frequently has a red color.

14. Bamboo

Bamboo isgrowing in popularitybecause of its good qualities and sustainable nature. Of course, bamboo is not classified as a wood, but rather as a type of grass.

The hardness and density of bamboo mean that you can use it in a lot of different projects. Bamboo is abundant in tropical climates. Moreover, the different species vary among the regions where it grows.

Bamboo has long hollow stems that manufacturers can also cut into very thin, narrow strips to make veneer for engineered wood products.

Because bamboo is lighter, many people think it’s softer but it’s the opposite. In fact, bamboo has more properties in common with varieties like Red oak or Maple wood. This woody material is making its way into everything from fine woodworking to wood flooring.

竹子具有天然涂层，可抗腐烂，因此在染色或涂漆之前，您必须先打磨它。此外，它可能会在潮湿的气候中膨胀，并在干燥的气候中收缩。

Engineered woods

These are not specific types of wood but rather a group of building materials. Much like plywood, In general, they are pieces of wood, scrap wood, sawdust and shredded wood fibers mixed with adhesives. The end result is materials that might look like wood but are more durable. They are often alternatives to plywood.

Types of Engineered Woods

高密度纤维板（HDF）

HDF is highly compressed wood fibers that make a material with a specific texture and no grain pattern Sometimes this is topped with a wood veneer.

Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)

MDFis similar to HDF but is less dense. Medium Density Fibreboard is better from an acoustic standpoint and is also a good insulator. However, MDF is not good for woodworking and there are concerns about the chemicals in these engineered wood products.

Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

OSB is often a good alternative to using plywood. It’s composed of wood strands in a cross-hatched pattern. This is then combined with resin at high temperatures. It’s cheaper than plywood so builders use it for new homes.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)FAQ

What are the main types of wood?

有two basic varieties of wood: Hardwood and softwood.

雪松是硬木吗？

No. Cedar wood is, in fact, a softwood variety, part of the same family as the pine tree.

How many different kinds of woods are there?

If you consider only the two types wood categories, softwood and hardwood, then there are two different kinds of wood. However, if you were to classify the types of wood on a more specific level, you’d get more than 50 varieties of other woods, from apple to zebrawood.

What are the three classifications of wood?

有three major wood categories in the lumber and timber trade. These are hardwoods, softwoods, and pseudo-woods. The latter is a category of tree-like types of wood that includes bamboo and palm trees.

What are the two main types of timber?

Timber bears the same classification as regular wood, meaning that you have hardwood and softwood timber to choose from.

What is the strongest wood?

The strength of wood is based on a specific industry rating which uses the Janka hardness scale. This is a measurement of how many pounds of force (lbf) it takes to penetrate half of a wood’s face grain with a 0.444-inch steel ball. If the number is high, that means it takes a lot of force to perform this action, making this wood variety in question extremely strong and durable.

Now, based on this industry method of determining the hardness of wood, the Australian buloke is considered the strongest wood on the planet. It is an ironwood with a Janka hardness of 5,060 lbf.

什么是家具的最佳木材类型？

家具的最佳木材类型取决于使用情况。由于其天然油接触和密度，柚木是户外家具生产的冠军。这些品质使其更具耐候性。Sheesham木材灵活且坚韧，因此建筑商经常使用它来制作装饰物品。此外，它对于具有很多曲线的家具非常有效，这些曲线否则很难制作。

Is chipboard a hardwood or softwood?

Also called particleboard, chipboard is an engineered wood product that is made with wood chips or jute-stick chips. Particleboard is often confused with an oriented strand board. Particleboard is a more uniform and cost-effective alternative to traditional wood and plywood. Its appearance is uniform and strong. Softwoods make up most chipboard.

Types of Wood: Conclusion

建筑商使用硬木和软木的the same things in many circumstances. Soft wood types, on the other hand, are often less expensive woods and easier to deal with.

As a result, softwoods account for the vast majority of all wood utilized on the planet, with softwoods accounting for over 80% of all timber. You can find softwoods in a wide range of applications, including building components, furniture, and fiberboard.

硬木的成本往往更高，通常不像软木那样灵活，但是它们具有浓密的优势，这意味着它们的使用寿命将持续更长的时间。结果，硬木最常出现在高端家具，甲板，地板和持久的结构中。无论您的下一个项目是什么，了解最常见的木材类型的特性，好处和弊端，将为您做出好选择带来很长的路要走。